Arrow-like symbols in Lascaux are sometimes interpreted as being used as calendars or almanacs, but the evidence remains inconclusive. The animals are accompanied by signs which suggest a possible magic use. The caves were not in an inhabited area, so they may have been used for seasonal rituals. If there is meaning to the paintings, it remains unknown. The hall of bulls in Lascaux, Dordogne, France, is one of the best known cave paintings and dates to about 15,000 to 10,000 BC. The Altamira cave paintings in Spain were done 14,000 to 12,000 BC and show, among others, bisons. The Chauvet Cave in the Ardèche Departments of France contains the most important preserved cave paintings of the Paleolithic era, painted around 31,000 BC. Rare human representations include handprints and stencils, and figures depicting human / animal hybrids. Mostly, animals were painted, not only animals that were used as food but also animals that represented strength like the rhinoceros or large Felidae, as in the Chauvet Cave. In Paleolithic times, the representation of humans in cave paintings was rare. Gwion Gwion rock paintings found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia c. They may be the result of a basic need of expression that is innate to human beings, or they could have been for the transmission of practical information. Prehistoric artists may have painted animals to "catch" their soul or spirit in order to hunt them more easily or the paintings may represent an animistic vision and homage to surrounding nature. Various conjectures have been made as to the meaning these paintings had to the people that made them. There are examples of cave paintings all over the world-in Indonesia, France, India, Spain, Southern Africa, China, Australia etc. And more recently, in 2021, cave art of a pig found in an Indonesian island, and dated to over 45,500 years, has been reported. The finding was noted to be "the oldest pictorial record of storytelling and the earliest figurative artwork in the world". In December 2019, however, figurative cave paintings depicting pig hunting in the Maros-Pangkep karst in Sulawesi were estimated to be even older, at least 43,900 years old. In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of Lubang Jeriji Saléh on the Indonesian island of Borneo ( Kalimantan). The oldest type of cave paintings are hand stencils and simple geometric shapes the oldest undisputed examples of figurative cave paintings are somewhat younger, close to 35,000 years old. The oldest known paintings are approximately 40,000 years old, found in both the Franco-Cantabrian region in western Europe, and in the caves in the district of Maros ( Sulawesi, Indonesia). Main articles: Prehistoric art, Art of the Upper Paleolithic, Art of the Middle Paleolithic, and List of Stone Age art Pettakere Cave are more than 44,000 years old, Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia The 19th century saw the rise of the commercial art gallery, which provided patronage in the 20th century. Finally in the West the idea of " art for art's sake" began to find expression in the work of the Romantic painters like Francisco de Goya, John Constable, and J. Beginning with the Baroque era artists received private commissions from a more educated and prosperous middle class. From the Modern era, the Middle Ages through the Renaissance painters worked for the church and a wealthy aristocracy. Initially serving utilitarian purpose, followed by imperial, private, civic, and religious patronage, Eastern and Western painting later found audiences in the aristocracy and the middle class. African art, Jewish art, Islamic art, Indonesian art, Indian art, Chinese art, and Japanese art each had significant influence on Western art, and vice versa. Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor.ĭevelopments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier. Across cultures, continents, and millennia, the history of painting consists of an ongoing river of creativity that continues into the 21st century. It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted, tradition from Antiquity. The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts and artwork created by pre-historic artists, and spans all cultures.
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